What is Withholding Tax (WHT)?

Withholding Tax is a system where the person making a payment deducts tax at source before paying the recipient. Think of it as "tax collected at the point of transaction."

As an IT company, WHT affects you in two ways:

WHT You COLLECT (Withhold)

When you pay for services, rent, or other expenses — you must deduct tax before paying and deposit it to FBR.

  • Paying for software licenses
  • Paying rent for your office
  • Paying contractors/freelancers
  • Paying salaries (if applicable)
WHT You PAY (Deducted from you)

When clients pay you, when you receive bank transfers, or when you sell property — someone deducts tax before it reaches you.

  • Banks deduct WHT on export remittances (Section 154A)
  • Clients deduct WHT on your invoices (Section 153)
  • Banks deduct WHT on cash transactions (Section 236A)
  • Property sale/purchase WHT (Section 236C)
The #1 thing to understand: If you're supposed to withhold tax and don't — YOU are personally liable. The penalty falls on the deductor (you), not the recipient. FBR will come after your company and potentially your directors.
Filer vs Non-Filer: Non-filers pay roughly double WHT rates across all sections. ATL status determines your rate. Check status at iris.fbr.gov.pk.

WHT Rate Tables for IT Companies

VERIFIED — FY 2025-26 (Finance Act 2025)

Section 154A — Export of IT Services ⭐

When you receive foreign remittance for IT/ITeS exports — the most relevant section for IT companies

CategoryRateNatureWho Deducts?
IT/ITeS Exports — PSEB Registered 0.25% Final Tax (FTR) Bank deducts on remittance
IT/ITeS Exports — Filer (No PSEB) 1% Final Tax (FTR) Bank deducts on remittance
IT/ITeS Exports — Non-Filer Double Rate Final Tax (FTR) Bank deducts on remittance
Freelance IT (PSEB Registered) 0.25% Final Tax (FTR) Bank deducts on remittance
Section 154A governs the 0.25%/1% rate (NOT Section 150(2B) as some older references state). Extended till June 30, 2026. Banks are the withholding agents. The deduction happens automatically when the foreign remittance credits your account. Read the full IT export tax guide →

Source: TaxPills | TaxationPk

Section 153 — Payments for Goods & Services

When you pay someone for services (or when a client pays you for domestic services)

Service TypeFiler RateNon-Filer RateWho Withholds?Min Threshold
IT & Software Development Services 6% 12% Payer deducts Rs. 30,000/year
Other Services (by Company) 15% 30% Payer deducts Rs. 30,000/year
Other Services (by Individual/AOP) 15% 30% Payer deducts Rs. 30,000/year
Goods (by Company) 5% 10% Payer deducts Rs. 75,000/year
Goods (by Individual/AOP) 5.5% 11% Payer deducts Rs. 75,000/year
Contracts (by Company) 7.5% 15% Payer deducts

Source: TaxationPk — WHT Rates in Pakistan (Finance Act 2025)

Key for IT Companies: IT & Software Development services have a reduced rate of 6% (filer) / 12% (non-filer) under Section 153 — significantly lower than the general services rate of 15%/30%. This was set by the Finance Act 2024 (increased from 3% to 6% for local IT services).

Section 155 — Rent

When you pay office rent

Payment TypeFiler RateNon-Filer RateWho Withholds?
Corporate rent (office, warehouse) 15% 30% You (the tenant) deduct
Individual rent (slab rates) See slab below Tenant deducts
Individual Rent — Slab Rates
Annual Rent RangeTax
Up to Rs. 300,000Tax-free
300,001 – 600,0005% of amount exceeding Rs. 300,000
600,001 – 2,000,000Rs. 15,000 + 10% of amount exceeding Rs. 600,000
Above Rs. 2,000,000Rs. 155,000 + 25% of amount exceeding Rs. 2,000,000
Office Rent = You Must Withhold: If your company pays Rs. 500,000/month in office rent (Rs. 6M/year), you must deduct Rs. 155,000 + 25% of (6M - 2M) = Rs. 155,000 + Rs. 1,000,000 = Rs. 1,155,000. Not deducting this makes YOU liable for penalties.

Section 236A — Banking Transactions

When you deposit or withdraw cash from your bank account

TransactionFiler RateNon-Filer RateThreshold
Cash withdrawal 0.6% 1.2% Per transaction (no minimum)
Bank transfer (RTGS/online) No WHT N/A
Profit on savings/deposits 15% 30% Bank deducts automatically
Pro tip: Use bank transfers (online/RTGS) instead of cash wherever possible. Online transfers between accounts do NOT attract Section 236A WHT.

Section 236C — Sale of Immovable Property

When you buy or sell property

Property ValueFiler RateLate Filer RateNon-Filer Rate
Up to Rs. 50M4.5%7.5%11.5%
Rs. 50M – 100M5%8.5%11.5%
Above Rs. 100M5.5%9.5%11.5%

Source: TaxationPk

Section 152 — Payment to Non-Residents

When you pay foreign contractors, platforms, or service providers

Auto-issuance of exemption certificate (Section 152(5)):
An exemption certificate is automatically issued within 30 days for certain non-resident payments. This is relevant for IT companies paying foreign contractors, cloud services (AWS, Google Cloud), or platform fees.
Payment TypeRateNotes
Royalties / technical fees15–25%May qualify for exemption under tax treaties
Software licensing15%Check DTAA with recipient's country

Section 236Y — Foreign Transactions via Card

When you pay for foreign services via debit/credit card

TransactionFiler RateNon-Filer Rate
Foreign transactions via card5%10%
Relevant for IT companies: If you pay for AWS, GitHub, Figma, or other foreign SaaS tools via Pakistani debit/credit card, 5% (filer) is deducted automatically. This is separate from Section 152. Consider using bank transfers or maintaining a USD account to reduce this burden.

Other Relevant WHT Sections

SectionDescriptionFiler RateNon-Filer Rate
Sec 149Dividends15%30%
Sec 151Interest on securities15%30%
Sec 152Prizes & winnings15%30%
Sec 231AAdvance tax on purchase of goods5%10%
Sec 236KAdvance tax on education fees5%10%

How to Deposit WHT

When you deduct WHT from payments, you must deposit it to FBR within the prescribed time.

Deposit Deadline
Monthly by the 7th
All WHT collected during a month must be deposited to FBR by the 7th of the following month. No exceptions.
How to Deposit — Step by Step
  1. Login to IRISiris.fbr.gov.pk
  2. Generate a CPR (Computerized Payment Receipt) — Go to Declaration → Payment → Create CPR
  3. Select the correct section code — e.g., Section 153 for services, Section 155 for rent
  4. Enter the amount and period — The month for which tax was deducted
  5. Pay online — via internet banking (1-Link, IBFT) or print the CPR and pay at the bank
  6. Keep the receipt — You'll need it for your WHT statement filing
Important Section Codes
SectionDescriptionCPR Code
153Payment for services3805
154AExport of services (IT)Bank deducts
155Payment for rent3807
149Dividends3801
151Interest on securities3803
156Payments to non-residents3814
236ABanking transactions(Bank deducts)

WHT Statement Filing

As a withholding agent, you must file monthly WHT statements in IRIS:

PeriodFiling Deadline
Monthly15th of the following month
What goes in the WHT statement?
  • Name, NTN/CNIC of each person from whom you deducted tax
  • Amount paid to each person
  • Tax deducted from each payment
  • Section under which tax was deducted
  • Date of deposit (CPR number)
Penalty for not filing WHT statements:
Rs. 5,000 per statement plus potential audit scrutiny. FBR can also issue notices requiring you to appear and explain discrepancies.

Directors' Personal Liability

This is the part most founders don't know about — and it can be devastating.

Under Section 165 of the Income Tax Ordinance:
If a company fails to deduct or deposit withholding tax, every director of the company can be held personally liable for the default amount plus penalties.
What this means:
  • If your company doesn't deduct WHT from vendor payments — directors are liable
  • If WHT is deducted but not deposited to FBR — directors are liable
  • FBR can freeze personal bank accounts of directors
  • FBR can attach personal property of directors
  • Penalty: Default surcharge at KIBOR + 3% per annum + imprisonment up to 1 year for willful default
How to protect yourself:
✅ Set up a compliance calendar with monthly WHT deposit reminders
✅ Have your accountant submit WHT statements on time
✅ Keep proper records of every WHT deduction and deposit
✅ Get monthly compliance reports from your finance team
✅ Conduct an annual tax compliance audit

WHT Calculator

Withholding Tax Calculator
WHT Calculation
Gross PaymentRs. 500,000
WHT SectionSec 154A — IT Export (PSEB)
WHT Rate0.25%
Tax to DeductRs. 1,250
Net Payment to RecipientRs. 498,750

Deposit this WHT to FBR by the 7th of the following month.

Common WHT Mistakes

Not deducting WHT from vendor payments

Thinking "the vendor will handle their own tax" is wrong. If you're the payer, you're the withholding agent. Period.

Deducting but not depositing

The money you deducted belongs to FBR, not you. Holding it is worse than not deducting — it's misappropriation.

Missing the 7th deadline

Monthly WHT deposit by the 7th. Miss it even once and default surcharge starts running immediately.

Not issuing WHT certificates

After deducting WHT, you must issue a WHT certificate (CPR) to the person you deducted from. They need it for their tax return.

Not checking filer status

If the recipient is a non-filer, you must deduct at the higher (non-filer) rate. Check ATL before every payment.

Not filing monthly WHT statements

Depositing tax is not enough — you must also file monthly statements detailing every deduction. Missing this triggers penalties.